RV
Book |
Hymn |
Verse |
Description |
Topic |
Historical
Reference |
3 |
53 |
|
Kushika (probably Munda) among Aryan offerers |
Aryan - non Aryan amalgamation |
Munda contact |
1 |
112 |
|
Ashvini helped Karkandhu, Shryata, Vishpala. [All Munda names] |
Aryan - non Aryan amalgamation |
Munda contact |
4 |
30 |
|
Indra kills Kulitara's son Shambara on lofty mountains. He
crushed 100,000 Varcins, like the felly (pradhi) of the wheel of a chariot |
Aryan - non Aryan conflict |
Conflicts, Munda contact |
3 |
53 |
|
What is the use of cattle in Kikata? They don't pour ashira
(mixture of milk and soma), they don't heat vessels (gharma) for preparing
soma. Let Indra bring the wealth of Pramaganda, King of Kikata. [Kikata and
Pramaganda both Munda names] |
Aryan - non Aryan conflict |
Conflict, Munda contact |
7 |
103 |
9 |
Frog Hymn: When the frogs croak at the first rain the hot summer
ends, also ends the annual course of sun, visarga. [End of annual course of
sun points to the end of a year] |
Astronomy |
RV date |
1 |
164 |
2 |
The elliptical (trinabhi chakra) wheel on which rest all the
worlds of being (vishva bhuvan). [trinabhi chakra may refer to the ecliptic] |
Astronomy |
Aryan Science & Technology |
1 |
164 |
3 |
A seven wheeled chariot driven by seven horses. [May refer to
the Saptarshi Mandal, the seven stars of the Ursa Major constellation, which
made a perfect circle around Thuban, the pole star in 3rd millennium BC] |
Astronomy |
Aryan Science & Technology |
10 |
82 |
|
One' beyond the seven Rishis. [May be the pole star (Thuban)
beyond the saptarshi mandal (Ursa
Major)] |
Astronomy |
Aryan Science & Technology |
10 |
189 |
|
Sun is like a powerful bull; it reigns supreme in all the 30
days, dhama or abodes of moon. [Abodes of moon refer to nakshatra] |
Astronomy |
Aryan Science & Technology |
10 |
85 |
|
Surya's bridal |
Astronomy, Ritual |
Aryan Science & Technology |
7 |
18 |
|
Battle of Ten Kings. [Aryan fighting against confederation of
Aryan & non Aryan people] |
Battle of Ten Kings |
Conflicts between Aryan tribes |
7 |
19 |
|
Battle of Ten Kings |
Battle of Ten Kings |
Conflicts between Aryan tribes |
2 |
15 |
|
Indra drinks from trikadru. [kadru (brown Soma vessel) is a BMAC
substrate in Indo-Iranian languages] |
Central Asia connection |
BMAC |
1 |
84 |
13 |
Dadhyach Myth |
Dadhyach Myth |
IE Myth |
8 |
46 |
32 |
Dasa Balbutha and Taruksha (Munda) have made a gift of 100
camels to the sage. [Implies Dasas and Munda peoples are not always enemies -
point to amalgamation of various peoples] |
Dasa names - offerer |
Friendsip with enemies |
1 |
104 |
|
Anjasi, Kulishi & Virapatni delight Indra |
Female names |
|
1 |
162 |
|
Horse & Horse Sacrifice |
Horse |
IE trademark |
1 |
163 |
|
Horse & Horse Sacrifice |
Horse |
IE trademark |
1 |
112 |
|
Ashvini helps Rebha, Vandana, Antaka, Bhujyu, Vavya, Prishignu,
Purukutsa, Shrutarya, Narya, Aushija, Upastuta, Kali, Shayu, Manu, Atri,
Krishanu, Subhara, Adhigru |
IA names |
IA names |
4 |
30 |
|
Arna, Citraratha, both Arya people killed by Indra on the other
side of Sarayu |
Indra - fighting Aryans |
Conflicts |
2 |
14 |
|
Indra subdues Kutsa, Atithigva & Ayu [Not all non-Aryan
Kings] |
Indra - fighting Aryans |
Conflicts |
1 |
130 |
7 |
Indra shatters 90 forts of Puru (Aryan) and brought Shambara
(non Aryan) from mountains |
Indra - fighting Aryans and non Aryans |
Aryan Aryan & Aryan non-Aryan conflict |
1 |
32 |
11 |
Indra smites Dasa and opens the caves where cows (rays, floods)
were imprisoned |
Indra - fighting Dasas |
BMAC |
1 |
53 |
4 |
Indra scatters Dasyus - Dasa people |
Indra - fighting Dasas |
BMAC |
6 |
20 |
|
Indra kills Dhuni, Chumuri. |
Indra - fighting non IA |
Conflict |
6 |
26 |
|
Indra kills Tugra and Vetasu and makes Tuji strong. He kills the
hundred thousand fighting people, kills Shambar on the mountains |
Indra - fighting non IA |
Conflict |
6 |
26 |
|
To please Dabhiti Indra kills Chumuri, kills 60000 enemies |
Indra - fighting non IA |
Conflict |
2 |
12 |
|
Shambara (Munda) is discovered on the 40th autumn in his
mountain hideouts. [Implicates fightings in mountains, most likely the
Hindukush] |
Indra - fighting non IA |
Conflict, Munda contact |
1 |
53 |
7 |
Indra fights Namuchi |
Indra - fighting non IA |
Non Aryan Contact |
1 |
53 |
8 |
Indra kills Parnaya, Karanja [Both para Munda names] |
Indra - fighting non IA |
Munda contact |
1 |
103 |
|
Indra breaks Sushna, Shambara & Kuyava's forts [All Munda
names] |
Indra - fighting non IA |
Munda contact |
2 |
14 |
|
Indra destroys Shambara's 100 ancient or distant (purvi) castles
(pura) with his thunderbold (ashman) |
Indra - fighting non-IA |
Conflicts |
2 |
14 |
|
Indra killed Dhribhika, Urana, Arbuda, Shushna, Pipru, Namuci,
Rudhikra. [Pipru may be IA, but the rest names seem to be non-IA] |
Indra - fighting non-IA |
Conflicts |
1 |
53 |
6 |
Indra kills 10000 Vritra |
Indra - fighting Vritra |
BMAC |
6 |
26 |
|
Indra helps Dashadyu, brought the lofty chariot (rishva ratha)
[reminiscent of Krishna being Arjuna's charioteer] |
Indra - helping Aryan King |
|
6 |
27 |
|
To aid Abhyavartin (son of Cayamana, a descendent of Prithu)
Indra dismissed the front part (purva) of the troop and the rear part (apara)
fled away in fear. Abhyavartin is a liberal and highly honoured emperor
(maghava mahyam samrat) who gives bountiful gifts to priests |
Indra - helping Aryan King |
|
1 |
11 |
5 |
Indra breaks the cave of Vala, rich in cows. [Cave symbolic
representation of strongholds of the rich Panis & Dasas (Daha & Parna
of Central Asia) and cows symbol of wealth] |
Indra - Myth of Vala |
BMAC |
1 |
32 |
|
Indra kills Vritra, the dragon Ahi. [Ahi personification of
glacier, frozen water destroyed by Indra to release the captive water.
Releasing waters, freeing cows from Vala's cave are similar symbols] |
Indra - Myth of Vala/Vitra |
BMAC |
4 |
19 |
|
Indra breaks the mountains and the frees the obstructed rivers.
The rivers run like mothers running
towards their children. [It's similar to killing Vala and releasing the cow
& of breaking the dams (of the
Indus people ??) and releasing the river] |
Indra - Vala Myth |
BMAC, Indus Valley |
2 |
11 |
|
Indra breaks the mountain like clouds (parvata) and releases the
captivated water (ghrita) |
Indra - Vala Myth |
BMAC, Indus Valley |
2 |
11 |
|
Indra kills Vala, Vritra & dragon Ahi, who captivate the
waters, and allows the waters to swell and flow |
Indra - Vala Myth |
BMAC, Indus Valley |
2 |
12 |
|
Indra frees the dragon and released the seven rivers. [Similar
to releasing the cow from Vala's cave (apadha)] |
Indra - Vala Myth |
BMAC, Indus Valley |
8 |
12 |
9 |
Like rays of Sun Indra consumes Arshasana (Iranian Ersan) |
Iranian names - enemy |
East Iranian contact |
8 |
32 |
2 |
The strong (ugra) Indra kills the Dasas Sribinda (Munda),
Anarshani (Iranian Ersan), Pipru (Aryan name), Ahishuva and set free the
waters. [Iranian, Munda and Aryan peoples seen as enemies] |
Iranian names - enemy |
East Iranian contact |
8 |
5 |
37 |
Kashu (Avestan Kasu) gives 100 camels (ushtra) and 10000 cows to
the priest |
Iranian names - offerer |
East Iranian contact |
8 |
6 |
46 |
Parshu (Persian Parsa) & Tirindira (Tiridates) give 100000
gifts |
Iranian names - offerer |
East Iranian contact |
4 |
38 |
10 |
Dadhikra (horse) spreads himself over the Five Peoples as Sun
lightens the water |
Pancha Krishti - The Five Peoples of RV |
Names of tribes |
5 |
53 |
|
Mention of the rivers Rasa, Anitabha, Sarayu (Harirud), Kubha
(Kabul), Krumu (Kurram), Sindhu (Indus) |
Rivers - western tributaries of Indus |
Rivers |
7 |
2 |
8 |
Mention of Ila/Ira, Bharati & Saraswati. [Ira may refer to
Iran, Bharati to India and Saraswati with 'her kindered Rivers' - Punjab] |
RV Goddess |
RV-Avesta connection |
1 |
116 |
15 |
Artifical leg given to Vishpala by Ashvini, the doctor twins |
Science |
Aryan Science & Technology |
10 |
190 |
|
Creation Myth - talks about how the universe was created |
Science |
Aryan Science & Technology |
10 |
16 |
14 |
Burial, cremation etc. |
Socio-religious life |
Aryan rituals |
1 |
32 |
15 |
Indra rules the world, containing all as spokes (ara) within the
felly (nemi) |
Spoked Wheel |
Spoked Wheel |
1 |
62 |
11 |
Thoughts ancient with newest lauds, seeking wealth with
adoration |
Unity |
Aryan Philosophy |
10 |
191 |
|
Let's all sit together with the same thought, same resolution,
same wish, same mind and pray to the God |
Unity |
Aryan Philosophy |
10 |
121 |
|
Golden Embryo - Hiranyagarbha |
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